Environment and Migraine
The environmental factors that can provoke a migraine are extremely variable and affect only a small proportion of migraine sufferers. Environmental factors that can trigger a migraine include a change in climate or weather (such as a change in humidity or temperature), a change in altitude or barometric pressure, high winds, traveling, or a change in routine. Other environmental triggers include a bright or flickering light (sunlight reflections, glare, fluorescent lighting, television, or movies), extremes of heat and sound, and intense smells or vapors.
Weather changes can cause biological changes in the body's chemical balance and thus precipitate a migraine headache in some sensitive people. Weather conditions also can increase the severity of a headache induced by other factors. Extremely cold as well as very humid weather conditions have been known to trigger migraine headaches. A very dry and dusty atmosphere also can precipitate a migraine. Headaches can be associated with certain winds and storms, or with crowding in a stuffy room or airplane. A change in barometric pressure can trigger a migraine headache. Changes in pressure, such as those that occur with flying in an airplane or deep sea diving, can trigger headaches. People living or traveling at high elevations can experience similar headaches. Headaches triggered by weather changes can lead to misdiagnosis of ìsinus headacheî instead of migraine.
Any change in a migraineur's environment that involves adjustment and adaptation can provoke a headache. Changing schools or jobs requires a great deal of adaptation, resulting in difficulty for the migraine sufferer. Travel may provoke migraine headaches because of the change in routine or diet, as well as the new environmental and atmospheric conditions. Many migraineurs are sensitive to travel and seasickness. The jarring motion of a car, train, or boat can trigger a headache. A change in sleep pattern or activity level may change the frequency of migraine attacks.
Many migraine sufferers are very sensitive to light, especially to glare. Bright lights are more likely to trigger migraine headaches when they are of a "flickering" quality, and a slow flicker is usually more irritating than a more rapid one. It is believed that some people have more excitable brain cells in response to light than others. A dazzling, flicker type of light can be found in light reflected on snow, sand, or water, or through clouds. Some fluorescent lighting or the light that flickers from television and movie screens may have a similar effect. Lower resolution computer screens can also produce visual signals that contribute to headaches. The use of Polaroid lenses or glare screens in these conditions can be helpful.
Many physical factors also can trigger migraine headaches; including overexertion such as bending, straining, or lifting; toothache; or localized head or neck pains.
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